1. Eggs clear no blood

   A. Eggs infertile due to:

   1. Males sterile or poor hatchability heredity in flock.
   2. Too many or too fewmales. Males fighting with each other.
   3. Males too old
   4. Inadequate nutrition or insufficient water (or water too cold) Flock may show, poor fleshing in males & females shrunken wattles and combs in males.
   5. Birds too closely confined.
   6. Seasonal decline in fertility in late summer and fall
   7. Large Combs and wattles in males interfering with eating and drinking
   8. Disease in the flock
2. Eggs Candling clear.
   1. Eggs over heated or held at too high temperature.
   2. Improper incubator tem perature at earliest stage of incubation.
   3. Improper fumigation too much fumigant, fumigant not cleared from machine soon enough or eggs fumigated in the incubation period
   4. Breeding flock out of condition (frozen combs disease).
   5. Improper nutrition of flock.
   6. Poor hatchability heredity in flock
3. Many dead germs
   1. Temperature too high or too low in incubator
   2. Lack of ventilations
   3. Improper turning of eggs
4. Chicks fully formed but dead without pipping.
   1. Low average humidity in incubator, too low or too high a humidity at transfer time in the hatcher.
5. Eggs pipped but chicks dead in shell
   1. Low average humidity. This is the most probable cause.
   2. Inadequate ventilation or excessive fumigation during course of hatch.
   3. Low average
6. Sticky chicks, chicks smeared with eggs contents
   1. Low average temperature
   2. Average humidity too high.
   3. Inadequate ventilation or improper fumigation of eggs in incubator or excessive fumigation in the hatcher.
7. Dry Sticks shell sticking to chicks
   1. Eggs dried down too much.
   2. Low humidity at hatching time.
8. Chicks hatching too early with bloody navels.
   1. Temperature too high.
9. Rough or poorly healed navals
   1. high temperature or wide temperature variation, cubation and hatching cycle.
   2. Excessive humidity in hatcher after transfer.
10. Chicks too small
    1. Low humidity.
11. Large, soft bodies mushly chicks, dead on trays with bad odous.
    1. Low average temperature
    2. Poor ventilation
    3. Omphalatia (vavel infection)
12. Weak chicks
    1. Excessive fumigation in the hatcher
    2. Respiratory diseases as bronchitis or Newcastle.
13. Short down on chicks.
    1. High temperature
    2. Low humidity
    3. Excessive ventilation at hatching time.
14. Gasping chicks.
    1. Average temperature too low.
    2. Eggs held too long. Improper gathering, holding of eggs.
15. Delayed hatch eggs not starting, to pip until 21 st day or later
    1. Excessive temperature in hatcher.
    2. Inadequate ventilation in hatcher.
16. Draggy hatch some chicks early.
    1. Improper gathering, holding of eggs.
17. Crippled and malformed chicks
    1. Cross beak
    2. Missing eye
    3. Wry neck
    4. Crooked toes
    5. Sparddle legs
    6. Heredity
    7. Abnormal & rare. May be due to excessive temperature
    8. Wry neck suspected as matter of nutrition. Not fully known.
    9. Improper temperature. This can also be caused by setting too few eggs per tray permitting too much freedom of movement to chicks.
    10. Caused by hatching trays which are too smooth. Almost never encountered in Karamsar Incubators.
18. Malformed chicks or poor hatch.
    1. Excessive number of malpositions among dead in shells
    2. Improper turning or setting
    3. Inadequate ventilation
    4. Abnormally high or Abnormally low incubator temperature.
    5. Insufficient moisture.
    6. Heredity & breeding
    7. Improper nutrition
    8. Non-Pourous shell either from natural causes involved in heredity and nutrition or from foreign material on the shell.
    9. Damage to eggs in transit from one place to another

Careful Culling and flock Selection for high hatchaability.

Raise males together. Use 4 to 7 males per 100 females with light breed chickens,

5 to 8 males per 100 females with heavy breeds. 8 to 13 males per 100 females for turkeys.

Do not use old males, unless proved valuable breeders.

Use properly balanced feed of high quality. Provide adequate waterers of good design well distributed, so that, all birds can have easy access to fresh water.

Provide adequate floor space per bird in housing.

Use early hatched cockerettes timed for best maturity.

Dub males to prevent this problem, and also improve fertility.

Carry out approved disease control practice.

Gather eggs often, cool properly and quickly.

Proper conditions for egg holding be observed.

Gather eggs often. Coo! properly and quickly. Refer instructions for egg holding.

Check accuracy of thermometers, Operate incubator at proper temperature.

Refer instructions regarding fumigation of eggs in the incubator.

Do not set eggs from birds with frozen combs or from diseased birds, particularly those infected with pullorum or other salmocilla diseases.

Feed properly balanced ration of high quality.

Careful culling and flock selection for high hatchability, improve breeding for high hatchability.

Check accuracy of thermometers. Operate incubator at proper temperature.

Provide adequate ventilation of the incubator at and proper openings of the Incubator rota vents.

Turn eggs at regular intervals.

Maintain proper humidity levels throughout incubation and hatching cycle.

Maintain proper humidity levels throughout incubation & hatching cycle.

Provide adequate ventilated room & proper openings of rota vents of machine.

Maintain proper temperature throughout incubating & hatching cycle.

Use proper operating temperature.

Maintain proper humidity levels throughout incubation and hatching cycle.

Provide adequate ventilation of the incubator room and proper opening of the incubator rota vents. Also refer instructions regarding fumigation.

Proper ventilation and humidity throughout incubation and hatching cycle.

Proper humidity levels throughout incubation and hatching cycle.

Maintain proper temperature levels throughout incubating & hatching cycle.

Maintain proper temperature levels throughout in

Use less humidity for first 24 to 36 hours after transfer.

Maintain proper humidity level throughout incubation & hatching cycle.

Maintain proper humidity level throughout incubation & hatching cycle.

Provide adequate ventilation of the incubation room& proper openings of the incubator and hatcher rota vents.

Thoroughly clean and fumigate hatcher between hatches Fumigate hatcher at double or triple strength between hatches until trouble eliminated then return to normal strength fumigation of hatcher between hatches. Fumigate eggs in incubator.

Do not permit temperature in hatcher to be too high. If chicks are to be held in hatcher, reduce temperature after hatch is completed.

Provide adequate incubator room ventilation. Maintain adequate rota vent openings in hatcher. Open top ventilator as instructed in this booklet.

Maintain proper temperature levels throughout incubation and hatching cycle.

Maintain proper humidity levels throughout incubating and hatching cycle.

Reduce openings of hatcher rota-vents. Restrict opening of top ventilations. Do not restrict so far as to permit animal heat to build temperature above safe level.

See instructions on fumigation during the course of hatch.

Carry out approved disease control practice.

Maintain correct temperature throughout incubation & hatching cycle.

Try not to hold eggs more than 3 days.

Eggs must be gathered frequently, cooled quickly and held at proper temperature and humidity before setting.

Careful flock culling

Matter of chance.

Maintain proper temperature levels throughout incubating and hatching cycle. Do not set too few eggs per tray.

Use crinoline cloth in hatch trays.

Set eggs small end down only. Turn eggs at regular intervals eight times daily.

Provide adequate ventilation of the incubator room and proper openings of the incubator and hatcher rota-vents.

Maintain proper temperature level throughout incubator cycle.

Maintain proper humidity level in the incubator.

Careful culling & flock selection for high quality.

Use properly balanced feed of high quality.

Careful culling & flock selection, properly balanced feed, balance feed of high quality, proper care of eggs.

Hatching eggs must be sent in good quality well-protected egg cases, with small ends down. Avoid rough handling.